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October 1909

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The following events occurred in October 1909:

October 26, 1909: Ito Hirobumi, Japanese Governor-General of Korea, assassinated
October 22, 1909: The Baroness de Laroche becomes first woman to fly an airplane solo
October 13, 1909: Francisco Ferrer executed
October 8, 1909: Lt. Frank Lahm instructed on flying an airplane

October 1, 1909 (Friday)

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  • Bhupinder Singh, the Maharaja of the Sikh princely state of Patiala, assumed full power upon attaining his 18th birthday. A Council of Regency had ruled in his name when he had assumed the throne at the age of 9. Bhupinder Singh ruled until his death in 1938.[1]

October 2, 1909 (Saturday)

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October 3, 1909 (Sunday)

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  • James Reid Moore of Ipswich, East Anglia, discovered what he believed to be flint tools dating from the Pliocene era, and evidence of the first human habitation of Britain. The flint objects, dubbed eoliths, were later determined to have been natural phenomena created by erosion of flint.[4]
  • The cornerstone for the Saskatchewan Legislative Building was laid by the Earl Grey, Governor General of Canada, who placed a time capsule inside.[5]

October 4, 1909 (Monday)

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  • As Dr. Frederick Cook's claim of being first to reach the North Pole, was being questioned, his claim to have made the first ascent of Mount McKinley was called into doubt. Cook had stated in his book, To the Top of the Continent, that he had reached the summit of the Alaskan mountain on September 16, 1906. His mountain guide, Edward N. Barrill, swore out an affidavit that he and Cook had never been closer than 14 miles (23 km) to Mount McKinley, and that Cook had ordered him to alter his diary entries. The October 4 affidavit was published ten days later in a New York newspaper, the Globe and Commercial Advertiser.[6]
  • Born: Murray Chotiner, American political advisor to Richard Nixon; in Pittsburgh (d. 1974)

October 5, 1909 (Tuesday)

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October 6, 1909 (Wednesday)

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October 7, 1909 (Thursday)

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October 8, 1909 (Friday)

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October 9, 1909 (Saturday)

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October 10, 1909 (Sunday)

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  • Backed by American businessmen, General Juan José Estrada began a revolution in Nicaragua to overthrow President José Santos Zelaya. Under pressure from the United States, Zelaya resigned in December, and Estrada became president in August with American support. An observer later noted, "The overthrow of President Zelaya in Nicaragua was the first real American coup."[18]

October 11, 1909 (Monday)

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  • The Convention Internationale Relative à la Circulation des Automobiles was signed in Paris by 17 European nations, establishing common rules for rules of the road in the signatory nations. The treaty included the first four universal traffic signs (intersection, railroad crossing, curve and ditch), rules on passing and overtaking, and letter symbols for a car's nation of origin (A-Austria, B-Belgium, CH-Switzerland, D-Germany, E-Spain, F-France, GB-Great Britain, GR-Greece, H-Hungary, I-Italy, MC-Monaco, MN-Montenegro, NL-Netherlands, P-Portugal, R-Russia, RM-Romania, S-Sweden, SB-Serbia).[19]

October 12, 1909 (Tuesday)

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October 13, 1909 (Wednesday)

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October 14, 1909 (Thursday)

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October 15, 1909 (Friday)

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  • The Dover Harbour was opened as a suitable port for the British Navy after eleven years and $20,000,000 worth of improvements. The Prince of Wales dedicated the harbor, which could now accommodate the largest British dreadnoughts.[26]
  • Born: Margie Hines, American voice actress, in Glendale, Queens, New York (d. 1985)

October 16, 1909 (Saturday)

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  • The world's first passenger airline, DELAG (DEutsche Luftschiffahrt AktienGesellschaft), was founded in Frankfurt, Germany.[27]
  • The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the Detroit Tigers 8–0 to win Game 7 of the 1909 World Series and baseball's world championship.[28]
  • The Board of Directors of General Motors approved a plan to buy the Ford Motor Company for eight million dollars. The deal fell through when GM could not obtain financing.[29]
  • William H. Taft, the President of the United States, met Porfirio Díaz, the President of Mexico, at the Chamber of Commerce in El Paso, Texas. That evening, Taft became the first American President to visit a foreign nation when he crossed over to Ciudad Juárez for a banquet hosted by Diaz. "An interesting incident of the day was the declaration of neutrality over the El Chamizal territory", wrote The New York Times. Both nations agreed that the area, which had been south of the Rio Grande until a rerouting of that river, should be considered neutral territory.[30]
  • In Seattle, the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition world's fair closed after 412 months.[31]
  • Stanley Ketchel fought heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson in a match at Colma, California. In the 12th round, Ketchel knocked the champ down with his first punch. Enraged, Johnson struck back with a right uppercut that broke Ketchel's front teeth and knocked out the challenger.[32]

October 17, 1909 (Sunday)

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  • Lt. George Sweet became the first U.S. Navy officer to fly in an aircraft, as a passenger of Orville Wright.[33]
  • Died: Sagen Ishizuka, Japanese physician and nutritionist, proponent of macrobiotic diet.

October 18, 1909 (Monday)

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  • The Australian State of New South Wales formally surrendered 900 square miles (2,300 km2) of its land to the Commonwealth to serve as the Australian Capital Territory, with Canberra to serve as the federal capital. The agreement included a right of way across the state to Jervis Bay, which was ceded to the Commonwealth in 1913.[34]
  • A woman watching an airshow at Juvisy, France, became the first person on the ground to be killed by a falling airplane. A Blériot machine, flown by Alfred Leblanc, plunged into a crowd, injuring more than a dozen people, and killing the woman.[35]
  • Charles Lambert became the first person to fly an airplane over Paris and around the Eiffel Tower.[36]

October 19, 1909 (Tuesday)

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October 20, 1909 (Wednesday)

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  • The entire town of Shipton, Kansas, was sold at public auction. William Irwin had owned the site and Fred Warnow was the high bidder at $2,620. Located in Saline County, Kansas, Shipton had been a farming community until 1895, when the post office and the railroad station were closed, and the citizens moved closer to nearby Salina.[40]

October 21, 1909 (Thursday)

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  • The Madras Aquarium, the first in India was opened as part of the government museum in Madras (now Chennai). The aquarium was emptied of its contents in 1942, when the city was evacuated due to a threatened invasion by Japan.[41]

October 22, 1909 (Friday)

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  • The British Indian government legally recognized the Anand Karaj, the Sikh marriage ceremony, with the passage of the Anand Marriage Act 1909.[42]
  • The Baronne de Laroche became the first woman to pilot an airplane alone. The Baronne took off from an airfield at Chalon-sur-Saône and flew to an altitude of 300 metres (980 ft), flew for 4 miles (6 km), then landed.[43][44]
  • The town of Gore, Oklahoma, was incorporated.[45]
  • Died: Thomas Coman, New York City official who made millions from graft and eluded conviction; Acting Mayor, 1868.

October 23, 1909 (Saturday)

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  • An Arbitral Tribunal, of the International Court of Justice at The Hague, issued its ruling in the Grisbadarna case, delimiting the maritime frontier between Norway and Sweden, and setting out a legal principle still followed in international law: "a state of things which actually exists and has existed for a long time should be changed as little as possible".[46]

October 24, 1909 (Sunday)

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  • At the Italian city of Racconigi, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was hosted by King Victor Emmanuel III. The foreign ministers the two nations, Tomasso Tittoni and Aleksandr Izvolsky, exchanged diplomatic notes on an informal agreement for Russia and Italy to support each other's interests in the Balkans and in the Ottoman Empire.[47]
  • The sorority Alpha Epsilon Phi was founded by seven Jewish students, with its first chapter at Barnard College.[48]
  • Born: Bill Carr, American track star, Olympic gold medalist 1932; in Pine Bluff, Arkansas; (d. 1966)
  • Died: Rufus Peckham, 70, U.S. Supreme Court Justice 1896–1909

October 25, 1909 (Monday)

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  • In the city of Empúries in Spain, a bust of Asklepios, the Greek god of medicine, was discovered. Empuries, also called Ampurias, was on the site of the Greek settlement of Emporion.[49]
  • Fort Meade, Florida, was incorporated for the second time as a city, after having been disincorporated in 1903.[50]

October 26, 1909 (Tuesday)

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  • Itō Hirobumi, who had served as Prime Minister of Japan and later as Japan's Governor-General in the protectorate of Korea, was assassinated while waiting to change trains at a station in Harbin, China. Dressed in Western clothing, An Chung-gun walked past the Russian security officers assigned to guard Hirobumi, then fired three shots at the Japanese statesman. Struck in the liver, Hirobumi died fifteen minutes later. An, a Korean nationalist, was executed on March 25, 1910, and Japan annexed Korea later that year.[51]
  • U.S. Army Lieutenant Frederick E. Humphreys became the first military pilot to fly an airplane solo, after three weeks of instruction by Wilbur Wright.[52]
  • The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the Eradication of Hookworm Disease, more popularly known as the "Hookworm Commission" was created, with Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles as its chairman. Over a five-year period, the Commission reduced the number of cases of the disease in the United States. In 1915, the International Health Commission extended the campaign throughout the world.[53]
  • The sinking of the British steamer Hestia killed 35 of the 41 people aboard after the ship struck a reef off of the island of Grand Manan in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.[54]

October 27, 1909 (Wednesday)

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October 28, 1909 (Thursday)

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October 29, 1909 (Friday)

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October 30, 1909 (Saturday)

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October 31, 1909 (Sunday)

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References

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  1. ^ Famous Sikhs blogspot
  2. ^ "Wright 1,600 Ft. Up In Berlin Flight" (PDF). The New York Times. October 3, 1909. p. 1.
  3. ^ Rugby Football Union website
  4. ^ Anne O'Connor, Finding Time for the Old Stone Age: A History of Palaeolithic Archaeology and Quaternary Geology in Britain, 1860–1960 (Oxford University Press, 2007), p151
  5. ^ Province With a Heart: Celebrating 100 Years in Saskatchewan (CanWest Books, 2005), p37
  6. ^ Washburn, H. Bradford (1989). "Barrill's Mount McKinley Affidavit". The American Alpine Journal: 113.
  7. ^ "Ford wishes GM a happy 100th birthday", autoblog.com, September 18, 2008; Lawrence Howard Seltzer, A Financial History of the American Automobile Industry (A.M. Kelley, 1973), p36
  8. ^ East Carolina University website
  9. ^ "Thirty Die in a Mine", The New York Times, October 7, 1909, p1
  10. ^ Roger Stonebanks, "No. 1 Mine: Racism Revisited", historycooperative.org Archived 2002-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ True Crime Library, "Martha Rendell- Australia", truecrimelibrary.com
  12. ^ "Robert Potter (obituary)". The Daily Telegraph. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  13. ^ "Long Ride For Taft Through Yosemite", The New York Times, October 8, 1909, p1
  14. ^ Hiroo Kanmori, "Small Science and Unexpected Discoveries in Seismology"
  15. ^ National Museum of the US Air Force, Fact Sheet: "First Military Pilots"
  16. ^ "Child Enters Harvard", The New York Times, October 10, 1909, p1
  17. ^ Michael Leo Donovan, Yankees to Fighting Irish: What's Behind Your Favorite Team's Name (Taylor Trade Publications, 2004), p107
  18. ^ Stephen Kinzer, Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq (Times Books, 2006), pp66–70
  19. ^ "Automobile Traffic", Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, (Taylor & Francis, 2003), Vol. I, p152
  20. ^ Donald B Kraybill, The Riddle of Amish Culture (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), pp189–212
  21. ^ "Ferrer is Shot; Riots in Paris", The New York Times, October 14, 1909, p1; "Ferrer Died Standing"; "Riots Over Ferrer Spread In Europe" The New York Times, October 15, 1909, p1; Ferrer Modern School papers
  22. ^ "Ontario Provincial Police". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  23. ^ "The Chinese Revolt: A Survey", by Adachi Kinnosuke, American Review of Reviews (December 1911) p718
  24. ^ "Pirates and Tigers Tied For Honors", The New York Times, October 15, 1909, p12
  25. ^ IFFHS history website
  26. ^ "Dover Opens $20,000,000 Harbor", The Washington Post, October 16, 1909, p1; "Dover Naval Port Completed At Last", The New York Times, October 17, 1909, p10
  27. ^ Zeppelin's Hamburg-America Line; Gerhard Katzch, "Regional Airport: Hamburg", in Putnam Aeronautical Review (October 1989), p125
  28. ^ "Pirates Triumph; World's Champions", The New York Times, October 17, 1909, pIV-1
  29. ^ John K. Winkler, The Dupont Dynasty (Doubleday, 1948), p253
  30. ^ "Taft and Diaz Meet; Talk of Friendship", The New York Times, October 17, 1909, p1
  31. ^ Seattle Times, May 17, 2009
  32. ^ "Ketchel's Dream of Glory", Sports Illustrated, October 18, 1954, pp80–81
  33. ^ Norman Polmar and Dana Bell, One Hundred Years of World Military Aircraft (Naval Institute Press, 2004), p15
  34. ^ Gerard Carney, The Constitutional Systems of the Australian States and Territories (Cambridge University Press, 2006), p437
  35. ^ "Several Hurt at Juvisy", The New York Times, October 19, 1909, p3; "Aviation Victims Now Number 100", The New York Times, October 15, 1911, p1
  36. ^ earlyaviators.com
  37. ^ Sharon Harley and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, The Afro-American Woman: Struggles and Images (Black Classic Press, 1997), p99
  38. ^ Ray Zone, Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838–1952 (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007), pp92–94
  39. ^ Roman Brackman, The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life (Routledge Press, 2001), p70
  40. ^ "Ghost Towns of Kansas: Revisited (2009)", by Daniel C. Fitzgerald
  41. ^ Government Museum Chennai
  42. ^ "Move on Anand Karj Act". The Tribune. India. March 6, 2003.
  43. ^ "Woman Flies Four Miles". The New York Times. October 24, 1909. p. 1.
  44. ^ Lebow, Eileen F (2002). Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation. Brassey's, Inc. p. 1.
  45. ^ Town of Gore website
  46. ^ Edvard Isak Hambro, The Case Law of the International Court: A Repertoire of the Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders of the International Court of Justice, Including Dissenting and Separate Opinions (A.W. ijthoff, 1977), p104
  47. ^ Timothy W. Childs, Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya, 1911–1912 (E.J. Brill, 1990), p16
  48. ^ Alpha Epsilon Phi website
  49. ^ "Asklepios: The Return of the God", Saatchi Gallery exhibition.
  50. ^ Canter Brown, Fort Meade, 1849–1900 (University of Alabama Press, 1995), p153
  51. ^ "An Chung-gun", from The Book of Assassins (Wiley Publications), pp33–34; "An Chunggun" from Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary by Keith Pratt and Richard Rutt (Routledge, 1999), p9
  52. ^ National Museum of the US Air Force, "First Military Pilots"
  53. ^ Ruth C Engs, The Progressive Era's Health Reform Movement: A Historical Dictionary (Prager, 2003), pp158–159
  54. ^ "Hestia". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  55. ^ "Life On Mars Ended By a Cataclysm?", The New York Times, October 28, 1909, p1
  56. ^ Delaware, Ohio, website
  57. ^ Harold G. Marcus, A History of Ethiopia (University of California Press, 2002), pp111–113
  58. ^ Irian (University of Cenderawashih, 1973), pp3–4
  59. ^ Aldrich Library Website, Barre VT Archived 2007-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ "Cadet Near Death From Football Hurt". The New York Times. October 31, 1909. p. 1.
  61. ^ "Arkansas Razorbacks website". Archived from the original on 2011-09-15. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  62. ^ "Exiled Count Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. November 4, 1909. p. 1.
  63. ^ National University of Ireland website
  64. ^ "Le Train Jaune", hhfrance.com website.